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Cuteness is a subjective term describing a type of attractivenesscommonly associated with youth and appearance, as well as a scientific concept and analytical model in ethology, first introduced by Konrad Lorenz.[1] Lorenz proposed the concept of baby schema (Kindchenschema), a set of facial and body features, that make a creature appear "cute" and activate ("release") in others the motivation to care for it.[2] Cuteness may be ascribed to people as well as things that are regarded as attractive or charming.[3]
The term is widely used by screenwriters. Billy Wilder uses it in a 1996 Paris Reviewinterview, in reference to his 1938 screwball comedy film Bluebeard's Eighth Wife, adding that the concept was "a staple of romantic comedies back then".
Film critics such as Roger Ebert[3] or the Associated Press' Christy Lemire popularized the term in their reviews. In Ebert's commentary for the DVD of Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, which he co-wrote, he describes the scene where law student Emerson Thorne bumps into the female character Petronella Danforth. Ebert admits that he, as the screenwriter, wrote into the script a "classic Hollywood meet cute." He explains the meet cute as a scene "in which somebody runs into somebody else, and then something falls, and the two people began to talk, and their eyes meet and they realize that they are attracted to one another."
In the 2006 romantic American comedy The Holiday, one of the characters, Arthur, an elderly script writer (played by Eli Wallach), explains a meet cute with an example: "It's how two characters meet in a movie. Say a man and a woman both need something to sleep in, and they both go to the same mens pajama department. And the man says to the salesman: 'I just need bottoms'. The woman says: 'I just need a top'. They look at each other, and that's the meet cute." Arthur is in fact describing the meet cute between Gary Cooper and Claudette Colbert in the aforementioned
Cuteness is usually characterized by (though not limited to) some combination of infant-like physical traits, especially small body size with a disproportionately large head, large eyes, a pleasantly fair, though not necessarily small nose, dimples, and round and softer body features. Infantile personality traits, such as playfulness, fragility, helplessness, curiosity, innocence, affectionate behavior, and a need to be nurtured are also generally considered cute.[citation needed]
Konrad Lorenz argued in 1949 that infantile features triggered nurturing responses in adults and that this was anevolutionary adaptation which helped ensure that adults cared for their children, ultimately securing the survival of thespecies. As evidence, Lorenz noted that humans react more positively to animals that resemble infants—with big eyes, big heads, shortened noses, etc.—than to animals that do not.[citation needed]
That is, humans prefer animals which exhibit pedomorphosis. Pedomorphosis is the retention of childlike characteristics—such as big heads or large eyes—into adulthood. The widely perceived cuteness of domesticated animals, such as dogsand cats, may be because humans selectively breed their pets for infant-like characteristics, including non-aggressive behavior and childlike appearance.[citation needed]Some later scientific studies have provided further evidence for Lorenz's theory. For example, it has been shown that human adults react positively to infants who arestereotypically cute. Studies have also shown that responses to cuteness—and to facial attractiveness in general—seem to be similar across and within cultures.[5] In a study conducted by Stephan Hamann of Emory University, he found using an fMRI, that cute pictures increased brain activity in the orbital frontal cortex.[6]
Additionally, the phenomenon is not restricted to humans. The young of manymammal and bird species share a similar set of typical physical proportions, beyond absolute body size, that distinguish them from adults of their own species. In the recent finding of a juvenile Triceratops skull, one journalist suggested its features, which included "a shortened face and big eyes", were "probably as cute as a button—at least to its mother".[7]
The perceived cuteness of an infant is influenced by the gender and behavior of the infant.[8][9] In the Koyama et al. (2006) research, female infants are seen as cute for the physical attraction that female infants display more than male infants;[8]whereas research by Karraker (1990) demonstrates that a caregiver's attention and involvement in the male infant's protection could be solely based on the perception of happiness and attractiveness of the child.[9]
The gender of a person can determine their perception of the difference in cuteness. In a study by Sprengelmeyer et al. (2009) it was suggested that women were more sensitive to small differences in cuteness than the same aged men. This suggests that reproductive hormones in women are important for determining cuteness.[10]
This finding has also been demonstrated in a study conducted by T.R. Alley in which he had 25 undergraduate students (consisting of 7 men and 18 women) rate cuteness of infants depending on different characteristics such as age, behavioral traits and physical characteristics such as head shape, and facial feature configuration.
here are suggestions that hormone levels can affect a person's perception of cuteness. Konrad Lorenz suggests that "caretaking behaviour and affective orientation" towards infants as an innate mechanism, and this is triggered by cute characteristics such as "chubby cheeks" and large eyes. The Sprengelmeyer et al. (2009) study expands on this claim by manipulating baby pictures to test groups on their ability to detect differences in cuteness. The studies show thatpremenopausal women detected cuteness better than same aged postmenopausal women. Furthermore to support this claim, women taking birth control pills that raise levels of reproductive hormones detect cuteness better than same aged women not taking the pill.[10]
Sprengelmeyer gathered 24 young women, 24 young men, and 24 older women to participate in his study. He ran three studies in which images of white European babies were shown, and the participants were asked to rate them on a cuteness scale of one to seven. The study found differences among the groups in cuteness discrimination, which ruled out cohort and social influences on perceived cuteness. In the second study it was found that premenopausal women discriminated cuteness at a higher level than their postmenopausal female peers. This finding suggested a biological factor, which was then investigated further in the third study. Here, Sprengelmeyer compared cuteness sensitivity between premenopausal women who were, and were not taking oral contraceptives. The study concluded that post-perceptual processes were impacted by hormone levels (progesterone and estrogen specifically) in females, and thus impacted sensitivity to cuteness.[10]
Cuteness is a subjective term describing a type of attractivenesscommonly associated with youth and appearance, as well as a scientific concept and analytical model in ethology, first introduced by Konrad Lorenz.[1] Lorenz proposed the concept of baby schema (Kindchenschema), a set of facial and body features, that make a creature appear "cute" and activate ("release") in others the motivation to care for it.[2] Cuteness may be ascribed to people as well as things that are regarded as attractive or charming.[3]
The term is widely used by screenwriters. Billy Wilder uses it in a 1996 Paris Reviewinterview, in reference to his 1938 screwball comedy film Bluebeard's Eighth Wife, adding that the concept was "a staple of romantic comedies back then".
Film critics such as Roger Ebert[3] or the Associated Press' Christy Lemire popularized the term in their reviews. In Ebert's commentary for the DVD of Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, which he co-wrote, he describes the scene where law student Emerson Thorne bumps into the female character Petronella Danforth. Ebert admits that he, as the screenwriter, wrote into the script a "classic Hollywood meet cute." He explains the meet cute as a scene "in which somebody runs into somebody else, and then something falls, and the two people began to talk, and their eyes meet and they realize that they are attracted to one another."
In the 2006 romantic American comedy The Holiday, one of the characters, Arthur, an elderly script writer (played by Eli Wallach), explains a meet cute with an example: "It's how two characters meet in a movie. Say a man and a woman both need something to sleep in, and they both go to the same mens pajama department. And the man says to the salesman: 'I just need bottoms'. The woman says: 'I just need a top'. They look at each other, and that's the meet cute." Arthur is in fact describing the meet cute between Gary Cooper and Claudette Colbert in the aforementioned
Cuteness is usually characterized by (though not limited to) some combination of infant-like physical traits, especially small body size with a disproportionately large head, large eyes, a pleasantly fair, though not necessarily small nose, dimples, and round and softer body features. Infantile personality traits, such as playfulness, fragility, helplessness, curiosity, innocence, affectionate behavior, and a need to be nurtured are also generally considered cute.[citation needed]
Konrad Lorenz argued in 1949 that infantile features triggered nurturing responses in adults and that this was anevolutionary adaptation which helped ensure that adults cared for their children, ultimately securing the survival of thespecies. As evidence, Lorenz noted that humans react more positively to animals that resemble infants—with big eyes, big heads, shortened noses, etc.—than to animals that do not.[citation needed]
That is, humans prefer animals which exhibit pedomorphosis. Pedomorphosis is the retention of childlike characteristics—such as big heads or large eyes—into adulthood. The widely perceived cuteness of domesticated animals, such as dogsand cats, may be because humans selectively breed their pets for infant-like characteristics, including non-aggressive behavior and childlike appearance.[citation needed]Some later scientific studies have provided further evidence for Lorenz's theory. For example, it has been shown that human adults react positively to infants who arestereotypically cute. Studies have also shown that responses to cuteness—and to facial attractiveness in general—seem to be similar across and within cultures.[5] In a study conducted by Stephan Hamann of Emory University, he found using an fMRI, that cute pictures increased brain activity in the orbital frontal cortex.[6]
Additionally, the phenomenon is not restricted to humans. The young of manymammal and bird species share a similar set of typical physical proportions, beyond absolute body size, that distinguish them from adults of their own species. In the recent finding of a juvenile Triceratops skull, one journalist suggested its features, which included "a shortened face and big eyes", were "probably as cute as a button—at least to its mother".[7]
The perceived cuteness of an infant is influenced by the gender and behavior of the infant.[8][9] In the Koyama et al. (2006) research, female infants are seen as cute for the physical attraction that female infants display more than male infants;[8]whereas research by Karraker (1990) demonstrates that a caregiver's attention and involvement in the male infant's protection could be solely based on the perception of happiness and attractiveness of the child.[9]
The gender of a person can determine their perception of the difference in cuteness. In a study by Sprengelmeyer et al. (2009) it was suggested that women were more sensitive to small differences in cuteness than the same aged men. This suggests that reproductive hormones in women are important for determining cuteness.[10]
This finding has also been demonstrated in a study conducted by T.R. Alley in which he had 25 undergraduate students (consisting of 7 men and 18 women) rate cuteness of infants depending on different characteristics such as age, behavioral traits and physical characteristics such as head shape, and facial feature configuration.
here are suggestions that hormone levels can affect a person's perception of cuteness. Konrad Lorenz suggests that "caretaking behaviour and affective orientation" towards infants as an innate mechanism, and this is triggered by cute characteristics such as "chubby cheeks" and large eyes. The Sprengelmeyer et al. (2009) study expands on this claim by manipulating baby pictures to test groups on their ability to detect differences in cuteness. The studies show thatpremenopausal women detected cuteness better than same aged postmenopausal women. Furthermore to support this claim, women taking birth control pills that raise levels of reproductive hormones detect cuteness better than same aged women not taking the pill.[10]
Sprengelmeyer gathered 24 young women, 24 young men, and 24 older women to participate in his study. He ran three studies in which images of white European babies were shown, and the participants were asked to rate them on a cuteness scale of one to seven. The study found differences among the groups in cuteness discrimination, which ruled out cohort and social influences on perceived cuteness. In the second study it was found that premenopausal women discriminated cuteness at a higher level than their postmenopausal female peers. This finding suggested a biological factor, which was then investigated further in the third study. Here, Sprengelmeyer compared cuteness sensitivity between premenopausal women who were, and were not taking oral contraceptives. The study concluded that post-perceptual processes were impacted by hormone levels (progesterone and estrogen specifically) in females, and thus impacted sensitivity to cuteness.[10]
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Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him for Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him for Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him for Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him for Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him For Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him for Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
Cute Quotes Sad Quotes About Love That Make Your Cry and Pain Tumblr For Girls that make you cry for girls for Him Boys That Hurts Tagalog and Pain Tumblr
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